Form R is the preferential certificate of origin under the China–Peru Free Trade Agreement. The form is printed as Certificate of Origin Form for China–Peru FTA, and it goes on the export declaration as agreement code 12. China Customs or CCPIT issues it in English, SUNAT accepts it on the Peruvian side, and the broker handling your entry wants the original before the DAM is filed. Below: who can apply, when it has to be issued, how the one-year clock runs, what happens if the vessel already sailed, and what it costs.
Form R — printed on the form as Certificate of Origin Form for China–Peru FTA — is a preferential certificate of origin. It is issued by China Customs at the port of export, or by CCPIT and its local branches, and its job is narrow: certify that the goods meet the China–Peru origin rule so your Peruvian buyer can declare the agreement rate instead of the MFN rate. Everybody in the trade calls it Form R; that letter is our shorthand, not an international code you will find in another country's schedule.
It is not a discount coupon. The rate your buyer actually gets depends on Peru's tariff column for that Partida Arancelaria this year, and on whether the goods clear the origin test — the product-specific rule for the heading, or a value calculation where the rule calls for one. And it does not touch Peru's IGV: 16% IGV plus 2% IPM, 18% together, is assessed on CIF value plus duty and is unaffected by the certificate.
Who files: the exporter or the manufacturer, or an agent holding a signed power of attorney. When: before or at the time of export, valid one year from issue. If that window was missed for an unintentional error, negligence or another reasonable cause, the certificate can be issued retroactively with all the commercial documents and the export declaration behind it, and it is marked ISSUED RETROSPECTIVELY. Cost: the issuing office charges no visa fee; you pay the agent's service fee.
Two dates explain which rulebook you are filing under: the agreement itself has been in force since March 1, 2010, and the upgrade protocol — the one that rewrote the origin measures — took effect on November 1, 2026.
China and Peru signed their free trade agreement on April 28, 2009. It took effect on March 1, 2010, the second such deal China signed with a Latin American country after Chile, and it is the only preferential route for Chinese-origin goods into Peru today. The upgrade protocol entered into force on November 1, 2026, and the origin measures were replaced with it.
The filing rules live in two places. The Measures on the Administration of Origin for Import and Export Goods under the China–Peru Free Trade Agreement, published as GACC Announcement No. 155 of 2026 and effective November 1, 2026, set the origin tests and the certificate format (Annex 2); it supersedes GACC Order No. 186, the 2010 version. The Measures on the Administration of Certificate of Origin Visas for Export Goods (GACC Order No. 270, in force September 1, 2024) govern acceptance, review, retroactive issuance, amendments and certified copies. On the declaration, the agreement is code 12.
Origin is decided one of three ways. Wholly obtained: grown, raised, mined, caught or produced entirely in China or Peru. Produced entirely from originating materials: every input is itself Chinese or Peruvian under the agreement. Otherwise, the goods have to pass the product-specific rule for their heading in Annex 1 — a tariff classification change, a value test, or a stated manufacturing process. Where the rule calls for a value test, the formula is (FOB value − value of non-originating materials) ÷ FOB value × 100, with the percentage taken from that heading's rule. This agreement does not run on one flat regional-value number the way some others do.
Three allowances sit around those rules. Bilateral cumulation: Chinese material used in Peru counts as Peruvian, and the reverse. De minimis: where a tariff classification change is missed, non-originating materials up to 10% of the FOB value still leave the goods originating. Sets: non-originating components of a set may be up to 15% of the set's value. And Article 9 lists thirteen minimal operations — preserving, splitting a shipment, repacking, simple assembly, washing, sharpening, screening, labeling, simple mixing, bottling — that never confer origin, however much paperwork surrounds them.
Repacking, relabeling, splitting a consignment and simple assembly are on the minimal-operations list. They do not earn origin, and no certificate can fix that after the fact.
Your broker — the agente de aduanas — files the DAM with SUNAT, and the origin document is what decides which duty column the goods land in. Without it, the same cargo is assessed at MFN. With a claim filed and no support behind it, the entry gets observed, held, or liquidated at the higher rate — and the difference comes with interest.
With a valid Form R the entry goes in at the agreement rate. Without it, the same Partida Arancelaria is assessed at MFN. On fully eliminated lines the gap is zero, so nobody notices the mistake; on phased and excluded lines it is real money.
Duties under this agreement are cut line by line, not across the board. Some headings went to zero years ago, some still step down, and some sit outside the schedule entirely. Pull the Partida Arancelaria and read the column before you quote your customer a landed cost.
SUNAT can call for the original on a preferential entry. If the certificate number, the description or the value does not line up with the invoice and the bill of lading, the entry stops, the container goes to inspection, and the broker amends the declaration.
Peruvian banks open credits that list “Certificate of Origin Form for China–Peru FTA, one original”. A different shipper name, an issue date after the on-board date or a value that does not match is a documentary discrepancy, and payment sits until it is waived.
SUNAT runs origin checks after release and can ask China Customs or the issuing office to verify. Anti-dumping and safeguard measures are decided on origin as well, so this is the first document pulled when a case file is opened on your goods.
Every preferential entry leaves a trace in both systems. A certificate that had to be amended, or a claim that was disallowed, follows the importer and shows up in how often later shipments get pulled.
Inside China, Form R comes from one of two offices — China Customs at the port of export, or CCPIT and its local branches. Both are legally valid and both are accepted in Peru. Which one you use is usually decided by the contract, the letter of credit or your buyer's preference.
| Channel | What it is | Where you file | Choose it when |
|---|---|---|---|
| China Customs | Government issuing authority — the customs house at the port of export | Internet + Customs at online.customs.gov.cn (tax and fee services → origin management → certificate issuance), or the Single Window at singlewindow.cn → origin certificate → China–Peru FTA | Your buyer or the credit wants a government-issued certificate, or you want the certificate tied to the declaration data |
| CCPIT | Chamber-of-commerce issuer — the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and its local branches | CCPIT origin certificate system at co.ccpit.org or declare.ecoccpit.net | Your buyer specifies a chamber certificate or a chamber stamp, or your company already files everything through the CCPIT system |
Issuance is electronic end to end. You file in one of the systems above, the authority reviews it online, and once it clears you print it yourself on A4 in color, with the electronic seal and signature — the same legal effect as a pre-printed certificate. A paper original can still be collected at the counter, but in practice the counter visit count is zero.
There is no residency requirement. Any customs house or local CCPIT branch accepts an online filing. Cargo out of Shenzhen and the Pearl River Delta is usually filed with Shenzhen Customs or CCPIT Shenzhen, which keeps follow-up simple; cargo moving through Guangzhou, Nansha, Huangpu, Ningbo, Shanghai, Qingdao, Tianjin or Xiamen is filed with the office that matches the port of export.
The traffic runs both ways. Peruvian-origin goods entering China at the agreement rate need a certificate from Peru's designated issuing body, checked against the same measures. Consignments under USD 600 in dutiable value are exempt from the certificate at entry, unless a larger shipment was split to stay under that line.
The rule is short. The certificate is issued on the application of the exporter or the manufacturer, and either of them can appoint an agent with a signed power of attorney filed with the issuing office. In daily practice that gives you three arrangements.
The manufacturer keeps its own profile current and files its own certificates. Tightest control over the origin story, and it works best when the product range is narrow and there is a documents desk on site.
The exporter applies in its own name, so the name on the certificate matches the invoice and the bill of lading it issued. The sensible route for high-volume shippers with a dedicated documents team.
We file on your behalf and the certificate still carries your name or your supplier's name — never ours. The usual route for companies without a profile yet, a thin documents desk, or cargo spread across several ports.
Company registration for origin certificates was abolished in October 2023 (GACC Announcement No. 136 of 2023), but the first filing still needs a company profile in the system: unified social credit code, Chinese and English name and address, contacts. A company already registered with customs as an importer or exporter can sync that record instead of re-entering it. Self-printing requires uploading the company seal and the declarant's signature and having them authorized. When an agent files, the entrustment is recorded in the e-port system and the power of attorney uploaded there.
The measures are specific: the certificate is issued before or at the time of export, and it is valid for 1 year from the date of issue. That is not a formality. The form carries a box for means of transport and route — departure date, vessel and voyage or flight number, port of discharge — none of which is fixed until the booking is confirmed.
Departure date, vessel or flight and discharge port are locked. Pull the invoice, packing list, HS codes and the origin support for the goods.
Check whether the heading carries a product-specific rule. If it does, run that rule. If it calls for a value test, build the calculation and keep the bill of materials behind it.
Filed in the Customs or CCPIT system, description taken from the commercial invoice. Review takes two business days; a clean file often clears the same day.
PDF goes to the Peruvian broker for pre-filing, the original goes with the shipping documents or by courier. Certificate number matches the entry.
Retroactive issuance exists, and the 2026 measures widened the grounds: where the certificate could not be issued before or at export because of an unintentional error, negligence or another reasonable cause, the issuing office may issue it retroactively once the exporter provides all the required commercial documents and the export declaration. The certificate carries ISSUED RETROSPECTIVELY on its face and is valid 1 year from its own issue date. The second route covers a certificate not accepted at import for technical reasons: it can be reissued and keeps the validity of the original. The paper threshold did not soften, though — without the full document set behind the request, retroactive issuance does not happen, and “we only thought about it at the port of discharge” has to be explained and accepted on review.
Expect the date to be questioned anyway. An issue date later than the on-board date is exactly what a Peruvian bank reads against the credit, and some credits refuse retroactive certificates outright. If it can be filed on time, file on time.
Self-filing and agent filing walk the same official path. What changes is who fills the form, who checks it, and who does the rework when a field is wrong. Form R carries one step a plain CO does not: settling the origin criterion before anything is typed.
Destination is Peru, and the goods sit in the agreement's tariff schedule rather than an exclusion. There is no second bilateral route into Peru, so this check is quick.
Is there a product-specific rule for the heading in Annex 1? Run it. Where a value test applies, calculate it and keep the bill of materials behind the number. Check the minimal-operations list before claiming a process rule.
Commercial invoice, packing list, and bill of lading or air waybill. Reconcile invoice number, date, value, package count, gross and net weight, and marks.
Peru declares at 8 digits under its own schedule; China exports at 10. The first six have to agree, and the Peruvian suffix has to be the one your broker will file.
Enter company and goods details. The description follows the invoice line by line — specification, quantity, HS code — and the origin criterion box states what you actually used. Transport details carry the real routing, direct or transshipped.
The authority responds within two business days; corrections usually come back in one pass. Then self-print on A4 in color, or collect at the counter.
PDF first so the Peruvian broker can pre-file, original with the shipping documents or by courier. Certificate copy and application file are kept three years from issue — that is the file you produce when a verification request lands.
The list is short, and one item on it is heavier than the rest: the origin support. That is where Form R differs from a plain CO, and where review questions usually start.
Two separate numbers, paid to two different parties: the official fee charged by the issuing office, and the fee charged by whoever prepares and files the certificate.
China Customs publishes no charge for origin certificate issuance, and the CCPIT system publishes the same. Certificate stock, review and the electronic seal are not billed to the applicant.
What we charge covers labor: running the origin test, assembling the file, reconciling the three document sets, filing, chasing the review, printing and delivering, and reworking an error. One certificate, one price.
There is exactly one preferential route into Peru for Chinese-origin goods. Most of the confusion comes from the CPTPP, which Peru is in and China is not, and from RCEP, which China is in and Peru is not.
| Certificate | Code | Covers | Works for a Peru entry? |
|---|---|---|---|
| China–Peru FTA — Form R | 12 | Peru | Yes, at the agreement rate |
| Certificate of origin — CO | CO | Any destination, no agreement needed | No preference; proof of origin only, MFN rate |
| China–Chile FTA — Form F | F | Chile | No; wrong agreement |
| China–ASEAN — Form E | E | ASEAN member states | No; Peru is not a party |
| China–Korea — Form K | K | Korea | No; Peru is not a party |
| RCEP | RC | ASEAN ten plus China, Japan, Korea, Australia, New Zealand | No; Peru is not an RCEP party |
| CPTPP | — | Peru is a party; China is not | No; China cannot issue a CPTPP origin certificate |
A preferential certificate is bilateral in practice: Chinese authorities issue it under an agreement China has signed, and the destination authority accepts it on that basis. China is not a CPTPP party, so no Chinese office issues a CPTPP origin certificate, and SUNAT has nothing to grant preference against. Form F does not work either — Chile is not Peru, and the tariff schedule and origin rules behind it are a different agreement.
The reverse direction runs the same way: Peruvian goods entering China at the agreement rate need a certificate from Peru's designated issuing body, and no other agreement applies. Cargo that moves through a third country also has to satisfy the direct shipment rule — only unloading, reloading, repacking, relabeling to meet the importer's requirements, splitting the consignment or preserving the goods in condition, all under customs control, with a stay of no more than three months, and with a certificate or other evidence from that country's customs. Note that this is three months, not the twelve months some other Chinese agreements allow.
Issuance is the easy half. SUNAT examines preferential entries after release, and the question is rarely whether a certificate exists — it is whether the certificate holds up against the invoice, the tariff code and the production record.
Declared wholly obtained while using imported materials, or a value test claimed without a cost build-up behind it. This is the most common and the most expensive problem, and it can be checked years after the entry.
“Machinery”, “parts”, “goods” describe nothing. The description box has to follow the invoice line by line — product name, model, quantity, tariff code — and name the producer where the form asks for it.
Peru runs its own 8-digit schedule; China's export declaration runs 10. The first six should match and the Peruvian suffix must be the one your broker files. A code that disagrees with the invoice takes the goods out of the schedule the certificate relied on.
Invoice number, date, value, package count, gross and net weight, marks — any mismatch against the packing list, bill of lading or DAM opens the door. Correcting a filed entry costs more than getting the invoice right the first time.
Cargo routed through Hong Kong, Busan or another hub has to stay under customs control, stay out of processing beyond the permitted operations, and stay inside three months. An itinerary decided at booking decides this, not the paperwork afterwards.
A certificate issued after the on-board date without being marked retroactive, or a form with visible erasure or overprinting, invites a question about authenticity. Corrections on Form R have to be struck through and stamped by the issuing office.
SUNAT can ask China Customs or the issuing office to confirm the certificate and the origin of the goods. If no reply arrives within 150 days of the request — or the reply does not establish that the certificate is genuine and the goods qualify — the import is not entitled to the agreement rate. While the check runs, the importer may be able to obtain release against a duty guarantee, and the difference is collected with interest once it closes.
For the exporter there is one effective defense: settle the origin criterion, then align the three document sets, before anything is filed. That is why our routine starts with the bill of materials and ends with a cross-read of invoice, packing list and bill of lading — not with the filing screen.
The twelve questions that come up most often from Peruvian buyers and their brokers, answered with the rule rather than the sales pitch.
Form R is the preferential certificate under the China–Peru Free Trade Agreement, printed as Certificate of Origin Form for China–Peru FTA and carried as agreement code 12 on the export declaration. A plain CO is non-preferential: it proves the goods are Chinese, supports the MFN rate and trade statistics, and grants nothing under the agreement. Both come from the same offices, but the filing content, the origin test and the duty outcome are different.
No. It depends on your contract, the letter of credit, what your Peruvian broker needs for the entry, and whether the goods sit in the agreement's tariff schedule. If your buyer is content with the MFN rate, a plain CO can be enough. To declare the agreement rate, Form R is the only document that works. Imports with a dutiable value of USD 600 or less in one consignment are exempt from the certificate, unless the shipment was split to stay under that line.
Not automatically. Duties are cut line by line: some headings are at zero, some are still stepping down, and some sit outside the schedule or in a transition period. The rate depends on the 8-digit Partida Arancelaria and on whether the goods clear the origin rule. Peru's IGV — 16% plus 2% IPM, 18% together — is assessed on CIF value plus duty and is not reduced by the certificate.
The issuing office completes its review within two business days of accepting the filing. With a clean file and a settled origin criterion, most certificates are issued the same day or the next; a same-day request depends on that day's queue.
The issuing office charges no visa fee, and both China Customs and CCPIT publish a zero charge. What you pay is the agent's service fee, quoted per certificate and itemized by certificate type, rush handling, amendments, extra originals and any chamber stamp or legalization.
The exporter or the manufacturer, or an agent appointed with a signed power of attorney. When we file on your behalf, the certificate stays in your name or your supplier's name; we never issue one in our own name.
The old origin-certificate registration was abolished in October 2023, but a company profile still has to exist in the filing system before the first filing: unified social credit code, Chinese and English name and address, contacts. Companies already registered with customs as importers or exporters can sync that record. Self-printing also requires uploading the company seal and the declarant's signature and having them authorized.
Three routes: wholly obtained in China; produced entirely from Chinese or Peruvian originating materials (bilateral cumulation applies); or, for goods not wholly obtained, meeting the product-specific rule for the heading in Annex 1 — a tariff classification change, a value test or a process rule. Where a value test applies, it is (FOB value minus non-originating material value) divided by FOB value. There is a 10% de minimis allowance on the FOB value, a 15% allowance for sets, and thirteen minimal operations that never confer origin.
Yes, if the conditions are met. Where the certificate could not be issued before or at export because of an unintentional error, negligence or another reasonable cause, the issuing office can issue it retroactively once the exporter provides all the required commercial documents and the export declaration. The certificate is marked ISSUED RETROSPECTIVELY and is valid one year from its own issue date. A certificate refused at import for technical reasons can be reissued with the original's validity. Some letters of credit and some Peruvian buyers do not accept a retroactive certificate, so filing on time is still the better plan.
One year from the date of issue. Amendments and certified true copies have to be requested inside that window; after it expires you file again. If the paper original is lost, ask for a certified true copy marked CERTIFIED TRUE COPY with the original's number and date — it keeps the same validity, and presenting it voids the original.
It does if the direct shipment rule is met: the goods only undergo unloading, reloading, repacking, relabeling to meet the importer's requirements, splitting the consignment or operations needed to keep them in condition, they stay under that country's customs control, the temporary storage does not exceed three months, and you can produce a certificate or other evidence from that customs authority. Decide the routing at booking, not after the certificate is filed.
No. China is not a CPTPP party, so no Chinese authority issues a CPTPP origin certificate and SUNAT has nothing to grant preference against. Peru is also outside RCEP, so Form E and the RCEP declaration do not work either, and Form F belongs to the China–Chile agreement. The China–Peru FTA, Form R, is the only preferential route for Chinese-origin goods entering Peru.
We are a freight forwarder and documentation desk in Shenzhen, working out of Futian. Export declarations, origin certificates, fumigation, commodity inspection and legalization for one order are delivered through one window wherever the rules allow it.
The product-specific rule is checked, or the value calculation is built, before the filing screen is opened. A wrong origin criterion is an amendment at best and a verification at worst.
Form R has to be issued before or at export, so our filing slot sits after the booking is confirmed and before the vessel loads — not after the on-board date, when the only option left is a retroactive certificate.
Cargo out of Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Nansha, Huangpu, Ningbo, Shanghai, Qingdao, Tianjin or Xiamen is filed with the office that matches the port of export, so the certificate and the routing agree.
The PDF goes out the moment it clears so the Peruvian broker can pre-file. The original travels with the bill of lading or by courier, and the file is archived for the three-year retention period.
Tell us what the goods are made of and when the vessel loads. You get an origin assessment, the issue date we can hold, the document checklist, and an itemized quote for the filing — from Shenzhen, for cargo out of any China port.
